Also known as The hand and a half sword. Developed
in the mid 1400's as a form of long sword with grips for one or two hands.
They had longer handles which allowed use by one or both hands.
Identified with the Scot's symbol of the warrior the
term claymore is Gaelic for great sword. It was used by the Scottish
highlanders. The Claymore is a big sword and held by both hands.
A knife usually in the form of a sword. Daggers come
in a variety of forms with both single and double edged varieties. A dagger
is used mainly for stabbing or thrusting in close combat as a secondary
defense weapon. In most cases a tang extends into the handle along the
centerline of the blade.
The word dirk could have derived from the Gaelic
word Sgian Dearg. In medieval Scotland it was a back up of the broadsword.
Usually a long single edged dagger developed from the medieval ballock.
A long, double edged slender bladed sword designed
to emphasize the thrust. Rapiers first appeared in the mid 16th century.
Two Handed Sword
A specialized type of great sword that became
popular in the 16th century. The size and weight of the weapon made it
unsuitable for close formation fighting. The grip of the sword was very long
in porpotion to the blade. The 2 handed swords have compound hilts with side
rings and enlarged cross guards. They are specialized forms known in German
as "Dopplehander"
Back Sword
The backsword was so named because it had only one
cutting edge. The non cutting edge being much thicker than the cutting edge
thus creating a wedge type shape which was said to increase the weapons
capacity. The back sword is also known as "Mortuary sword".
Rebated
A sword that has its point and edge blunted for
training or tournament.
Espada
Spanish for sword
Spear
With the club, perhaps the first human tool designed
specifically as a weapon, the spear is simply long shifted weapon designed
principally for thrusting. It primarily consisted of a shaft usually of wood
with a sharpened edge.
Armour Terminology
Armet
A close fitted visored helmet that appears to have
originated in Italy. The armet was lighter and more protective than the
bascinet. The typical armet consited of four pieces: the skull, the two
cheek plates and the visor.
Barbuta
A Italian helmet design of the mid 15th century the
barbute or barbuta was a close fitting helmet that came in a variety of open
and close face forms. It was modeled on ancient classical Greek helmets. The
barbuta shows a strong resembelance to the much older Corinthian helms.
Bascinet
A basin shaped helmet that evolved out of the small
steel skull cap worn beneath the great helm. The bascinet was initially open
faced but gradually a variety of hinged visors were developed. The term is
also written as bassinet or basinet. The bascinet both with and without
visors was the most common helmet worn in Europe during th latter portions
of the 14th and 15th centuries.
Bevor
Also called a beviere or beavor. It was a 15th
century piece of armour that protected the lower part of the face when worn
with a sallet.
Boss Shield
The round or cone shaped metal plate at the center
of a shield protecting the hand. Also called an umbo.
Breaths
Holes in the visor or face plate of the helmet.
Burognet
A open faced helmet with a crest and cheek guards.
Chausses
Leggings. In the case of armour mail leggings tied
to the belt by leather thongs. They could extend to the knee or cover the
entire leg. They were the standard type of metal leg armour during most of
the European middle ages.
Camail
A curtain of mail, hanging from the bottom of the
helmet as a defense for the chin, neck, throat and shoulders.
Coif
A hood of fabric or mail worn under the helmet.
Close Helmet
A form of close fitting full helmet of the 16th and
17th centuries. The close helmet derived from the armet.
Cuirass
Full plate body armour, comprised of a breastplate,
backplate and sometimes tassets.
Earmes
Leather straps used to grip a shield or buckles.
Gauntlet
A armoured glove, often formed if a single plate for
the back of the hand and smaller overlapping plates for the fingers enabling
them to move easily.
Great Helm
The first helmet of the middle ages to cover the
entire head usually made of 4 to 5 iron plates rievtted together and worn
over a mail coif.
Greave
Armour for shin and calf. In the middle ages the
greave eventually developed to protect the back of the legs as well and
these were called full greaves.
Hauberk
A long coat of mail, knee length or longer,
initially with half sleeves.
Kettle Hat
A plain iron hat with a broad brim, nearly identical
to the defense helmets of the 20th century.
Morion
A form of helmet with a strongly curved brim and a
high "comb" on top.
Pauldron
Plate of armour for the shoulders, made of several
articulated plates.They evolved from spaulders in the 15th century.
Pauldrons end to be larger than spaulders, covering the armpit and sometimes
part of the back and chest.
Salade / Sallet
A helmet of the 15th and 16th centuries often with a
small lunged visor and a long articulated tail to protect the back of the
neck.
Shield
A defensive devise that came in a variety of shapes
and sizes made of wood or metal and hung from the arm by a series of straps
or gripped by a handle.